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ScienceDaily (Oct. 30, 2012) Childhood bullying can lead to long term health consequences, including general and mental health issues, behavioral problems, eating disorders, smoking, alcohol use, and homelessness, a study by the Crime Victims? Institute at Sam Houston State University found.
?What is apparent from these results is that bullying victimization that occurs early in life may have significant and substantial consequences for those victims later in life,? said Leana Bouffard, Director of the Crime Victims? Institute.
?Thus, the adverse health consequences of victimization are much more far-reaching than just immediate injury or trauma. Understanding these long term consequences is important to assessing the true toll of crime on its victims and on society as well as responding to victims more effectively.?
The study, ?The Long Term Health Consequences of Bullying Victimization,? recommends investing in victim services and effective prevention programs, such as the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, a school based initiative for violence prevention. Programs can help address the immediate trauma, both mental and physical, that victims experience.
?This type of investment may also have the added benefit of reducing the long-term deleterious effects identified in this and other studies, thus reducing the high cost of victimization born by the victims themselves, the health care system and society in general,? Bouffard said.
The current study is based on the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a long term study that tracks a sample of U.S. residents born between 1980 and 1984. Nineteen percent of those surveyed said they had been a victim of repeated bullying.
The study found that those bullying victims had more negative perceptions of their general health and mental health and higher rates of emotional/mental or behavioral problems that interfered with school or work. They were also more likely to have an eating disorder, smoke, consume alcohol, experience subsequent violent victimization, or be homeless.
?While these are adverse consequences themselves, they may also serve as intermediate mechanism for even more long-term health issues, such as cancer, alcoholism, depression and other serious problems,? said Maria Koeppel, co-author of the study.
Full report: http://www.crimevictimsinstitute.org/publications/?mode=view&item=32
For some great information on identifyin, stopping, dealing with and preventing bullying, please check out the S.A.F.E. Network?s Bully Prevention Information
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Rebecca Edmonds, the daughter of an Air Force captain, proudly followed in her father?s footsteps when she joined the armed forces. But her dream came to an abrupt halt when the Air Force found out that she was about to start a family of her own.
Edmonds, a graduate of Marquette University with a full scholarship from the Air Force, became pregnant 13 weeks before she was going to be commissioned as an officer, CNN reported. Six months into her pregnancy, she shared her news with the Air Force. In response, they revoked her $92,000 scholarship and ejected her from the ranks.
The Air Force strictly forbids single parents from enlisting -- a policy Edmonds alleges that she was unaware of when she found out she was pregnant. The Air Force put the single parent policy in place due to the difficult strains deployment puts on the children of single parents, according to CNN.
The U.S. military is committed to ensuring that enlisted members take care of family obligations, such as child care, before deploying for service. According to the 2012 research paper published by Indiana University ? Purdue University Indianapolis, a single parent must submit in writing that an individual not enlisted in the military will take responsibility over the child and individuals who do not comply could be immediately terminated from service.
The Air Force contends that if Edmonds was honest about her pregnancy from the beginning, she would not of been discharged so abruptly, according to CNN. In a letter written to Edmonds? attorney about the case, an Air Force official wrote, "If Ms. Edmonds had reported her pregnancy she would have been placed on medical recheck status until she gave birth.? The letter goes on to explain that Edmonds would only be able to be deployed ?if she were not a single parent, for example, if she were married, or had given the child up for adoption."
A policy that strictly forbids individuals from giving up custody of their child for the purpose of joining the ranks is outlined on the Air Force?s website. If a single parent attempting to join the Air Force indicates that their child is in the custody of someone else, they are required to acknowledge that ?his/her intent at the time of enlist was not to enter the Air Force with the express intention of regaining custody after enlistment.?
Edmonds isn?t the only single parent with dreams of joining the armed forces. In 2009, it was estimated that more than 30,000 single mothers had deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan. Researchers like Lieutenant Colonel Samantha Blanchard, the director of behavior medicine at Nellis Family Medicine Residency in Nevada, have have highlighted the need for more services for single parents in the military.
Although mothers serving their country face a unique set of battles when it comes to balancing their job and their family, many women in other professions have also alleged they were unjustly fired due to pregnancy. Jamera Lee Massop of Jamaica, N.Y. contends that she was abruptly fired from her job as an administrative assistant when she was six months pregnant. Jarretta Hamilton, previously a fourth-grade teacher in the Atlanta area, filed a lawsuit against her school district for being fired after telling her principle she was pregnant.
Edmonds case is currently under review. She told CNN that she hopes that her case will make the military reconsider its current policy on single parents enlisting for service.
MANAMA: Oman Air has unveiled its business class lounge at Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok, Thailand. The lounge, on the second floor junction between concourses G and E of the international ...
Chinese factory supervisor transferred to court in Cambodia after tearing up late kings photo
General Sources - Tuesday 23rd October, 2012
King Norodom Sihanouk was transferred Tuesday to a city court where she could face formal charges for insulting the monarchy and inciting public disorder.The supervisor had accused garment industry ...
A half-size replica of the Washington, D.C., Vietnam Veterans Memorial is making its way to Rusk County to pay tribute to those who bravely fought for freedom.The wall will be on public display from ...
S.Korean firms win $1bln hydroplant deal in Laos
General Sources - Monday 22nd October, 2012
South Korean builder SK Engineering and Construction and state-run Korean Western Power have won a $1.0 billion deal to build and operate a hydropower plant in Laos, an official said on Tuesday. ...
Vietnams PM apologizes for economy woes
SINA - Monday 22nd October, 2012
By Mei Jingya, Sina English Vietnam's prime minister made a rare apology on Monday for problems gripping the economy and called for the ruling Communist Party to implement reforms more quickly ...
Remembering McGovern WWII Hero Politician and Vietnam War Challenger
PBS - Monday 22nd October, 2012
A longtime Democratic legislator from South Dakota and a three-time presidential candidate, George McGovern was a proud liberal well-known for his vehement opposition of the Vietnam War who ...
Vietnam PM admits ?faults? on economy
Intellasia - Monday 22nd October, 2012
Vietnam?s prime minister admitted on Monday that his government had made mistakes in its stewardship of the troubled economy, in the latest bout of self-criticism by the secretive Communist ...
Thailands veggie festival has roots in Chinese legend
China Daily - Monday 22nd October, 2012
/enpproperty--> Thailand is not an easy country in which to be vegetarian. But once a year the country's avid meat eaters lay down their spicy meat stir-fries in favor of vegetables and ...
Garment maker eyes economic zone in Cambodia - China Daily
General Sources - Monday 22nd October, 2012
The private company HOdo Group Co Ltd, a textile and garment company in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, is looking to expand its presence in Sihanoukville, a province in southern Cambodia, in an attempt to ...
If I Marry My Girlfriend in Thailand Can She Collect Benefits After I Kick
PBS - Monday 22nd October, 2012
Since the fall of 2007, when the U.S. economy first seemed in peril, I've been answering reader queries here daily. The premises of the dialogue: Many economics question can be answered in ...
Cambodians protest disrepect to late king
IOL - Monday 22nd October, 2012
Cambodian Buddhist monks and residents offer prayers to the late King Norodom Sihanouk in front of Royal Palace in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Heng ...
Roundup of Thailand news with AJW
eTN - Monday 22nd October, 2012
TODAY: BKK Weather 34C; Hot, bright and partly cloudy; Euro:US 1.3019, Euro:Baht 39.96, SET Index 1308 BANGKOK BRIEF: Tak Bai massacre anniversary warning. 3G auction a sham claims TDRI. PM faces ...
CityMade, Inc., the Western New York-based company known for its unique gift baskets and boxes, is teaming up with the American Cancer Society to raise funds for the fight against cancer.?
Through the end of December, CityMade will donate 15 percent of every gift basket or product purchased to the American Cancer Society. October was chosen for this announcement in honor of National Breast Cancer Awareness Month.?
?We?re hoping that everyone will take part in this initiative and help out the American Cancer Society, from individuals touched by cancer to large corporations looking for holiday gift ideas for their employees and clients,? said CityMade President Gary Steszewski. ?There is no limit as to what we will donate back to this extremely worthwhile cause. It?s all about making strides against all forms of cancer.?
Want to give someone the best of Buffalo this year? CityMade?s popular Best of Buffalo Gift Box features an assortment of items made famous right here in Western New York, including Weber?s Horseradish Mustard, Crystal Beach Loganberry, Fortuna?s Dressing, Uncle Bob?s Barbeque Marinade, Duff?s Wing Sauce, LaNova Barbeque Sauce, Anchor Bar Wing Sauce, Battistoni Pepperoni and Buffalo Wing Nuts. For more information, visit www.Citymade.com and click on ?Gift Baskets & Boxes.?
Orders qualifying for the American Cancer Society donation can be placed online at www.Citymade.com, or by contacting CityMade by phone at 1-866-248-9623. When ordering, please use code ?ACS.?
After entering with the Tigers down 6-1, embattled ex-closer Jose Valverde retired one of the five Giants he faced in Game 1 of the World Series. He struck out Tim Lincecum before giving up hits to the top four hitters in the San Francisco lineup.
Since Joaquin Benoit bailed him out from there, he was charged with only two runs.
Valverde?s struggles tonight make it likely that the Tigers are going to play the rest of the World Series with a 24-man roster. For all the talk about how he?d fixed his mechanical problem, he?s now given up nine runs and 11 hits over 1 2/3 innings in his last three appearances.
The Tigers could claim that Valverde is hurt and then replace him on the roster. Such a move would be met with skepticism, though, and as loose as MLB tends to be with it?s DL rules, it seems unlikely that the league would just let this one slide.
With Valverde essentially out of the mix, usual No. 5 starter Rick Porcello might get some work in close games during the World Series. He faced just one batter in the Tigers? first nine postseason games, that coming in the Game 3 loss to the A?s.
ScienceDaily (Oct. 23, 2012) ? Vanderbilt researchers are reporting that a drug currently used to treat type 2 diabetes could be just as effective in treating addiction to drugs, including cocaine.
The findings, published online as a Letter To The Editor in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, could have far-reaching implications for patients worldwide who suffer from addiction.
"What we have demonstrated is that a brain mechanism already known to be therapeutic for the treatment of diabetes also appears to be implicated in at least certain types of drug addiction," said Gregg Stanwood, Ph.D., assistant professor of Pharmacology and an investigator within the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center and Vanderbilt Brain Institute.
"We found that this drug called Exendin-4 that is already used for the medical management of diabetes, reduces the rewarding effects of cocaine in animals. We suspect that this is a general mechanism that will translate to additional drugs of abuse, especially other stimulants like amphetamine and methamphetamine."
Co-author Aurelio Galli, Ph.D., professor of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Vanderbilt Brain Institute investigator, said Exendin-4 is already FDA-approved for diabetes (Byetta and Bydureon), so this target isn't just "druggable" -- it's already "drugged."
"I think the power of this research is that it is so easily translatable to humans because it is already FDA approved," said Galli, also co-director of the Neuroscience Program in Substance Abuse (N-PISA) at Vanderbilt University. "This is the first indication that it will work on psychostimulants. So our studies offer immediate translational opportunities to improve outcomes in human abusers."
"Any disease that is based on dysregulated dopamine can be potentially targeted. There is a lot of co-morbidity between metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity and psychiatric disease like addiction and schizophrenia."
Lead author, Devon Graham, Ph.D., postdoctoral fellow in Pharmacology, injected animals with a drug called Exendin-4, which is a long-lasting version of the natural peptide hormone GLP-1, and observed a significant blunting of the rewarding effects of cocaine. The findings were consistent, regardless of the Ex-4 dose administered, the authors reported. The study reports no evidence of negative side effects or addiction to Ex-4 treatment.
Stanwood said that although is important to be very cautious in extrapolating the results into the human population, these are very promising data. Addiction in a human being is a very complex disorder with a variety of genetic and environmental factors at play, he said, so it is unlikely that all of human drug addiction would respond homogeneously to this therapy in all people.
"There are no medically based therapies for stimulant addiction that have been successful in the clinic although there are a variety of psychosocial and behavioral therapies that are somewhat effective in some people," Stanwood said. "The beauty of this is that it targets a completely new mechanism so we are cautiously hopeful that the field will be able to exploit this, to provide a pharmacological way to help patients combat the disorder.
"We don't expect this to be a magic bullet where one can simply take this drug and their addiction goes away, but hopefully a medicine like this, in combination with social and behavioral support, will help an addict on the road to recovery," he said.
Kevin Erreger, Ph.D., instructor of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, also contributed to the study. The research was supported by NIH R01DK085712, R01DA013975 and K99DA025716.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Vanderbilt University Medical Center, via Newswise.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
D L Graham, K Erreger, A Galli, G D Stanwood. GLP-1 analog attenuates cocaine reward. Molecular Psychiatry, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.141
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Indiana Republican U.S. Senate candidate Richard Mourdock, speaks with volunteers at the Republican \u201cVictory Center\u201d in Jeffersonville, Indiana October 3, 2012. 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Rosalie J. Berkowitz, 82, was denied home-health coverage by Medicare because her condition caused my multiple sclerosis was not improving.
Tens of thousands of people with chronic conditions and disabilities may find it easier to qualify for Medicare coverage of potentially costly home health care, skilled nursing home stays and outpatient therapy under policy changes planned by the Obama administration.
The administration has agreed to scrap a decades-old practice that required many beneficiaries to show a likelihood of medical or functional improvement before Medicare would pay for skilled nursing and therapy services in a proposed settlement of a nationwide class-action lawsuit. Under the agreement, Medicare will pay for services if they are needed to ?maintain the patient?s current condition or prevent or slow further deterioration,? regardless of whether the patient?s condition is expected to improve.
Federal officials agreed to rewrite the Medicare manual to make clear that Medicare coverage of nursing and therapy services ?does not turn on the presence or absence of an individual?s potential for improvement,? but is based on the beneficiary?s need for skilled care. The proposed settlement could help people with chronic conditions like Alzheimer?s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson?s disease, stroke, spinal cord injuries and traumatic brain injury. In addition, it could provide relief for families and caregivers who often find themselves stretched financially and personally by the need to provide care.
In many previous instances, the denial of coverage led to the denial of care because most people cannot afford to pay for these services on their own. Medicare officials could not say how much the settlement might cost the government, but the price of expanding such coverage could be substantial. Dr. Lynn Gerber, director of the Center for Study of Chronic Illness and Disability at George Mason University in Virginia called the settlement ?a landmark decision for Medicare recipients with chronic illness and especially those with disability.
Neither the Medicare law nor regulations require beneficiaries to show a likelihood of improvement. But some provisions of the Medicare manual and guidelines used by Medicare contractors establish more restrictive standards, which suggest coverage should be denied or terminated if a patient reaches a plateau or is not improving or stable. In most instances, the contractors? decisions denying coverage become the final decisions of the federal government.
Contact elder law attorney Christopher Berry to stay current on the latest Medicare rules and regulations.
Attorney Christopher J. Berry is a Metro Detroit estate planning and elder law lawyer who helps families, seniors, veterans and business owners with their important legal needs. Oakland County estate planning lawyer, Christopher Berry is a partner in the Bloomfield Hills law firm of Witzke Berry PLLC. Mr. Berry practices in the areas ofestate planning, business, probate, veterans benefits & Medicaid planning. Follow Christopher on Twitter@chrisberryesq
There are a lot of cute cat pictures in social media, and a lot of cute cat videos. People, it would appear, like looking at cute cats in social media; and their owners like sharing these photos. So what happens when you get a group of cat owners together ? you might expect cat overload as they compete to share the cutest photos of the cutest cats. And you do get this, but more importantly you learn something about how people meet and interact in social media and?what the?value of this can be.
We worked with?the?team at PetNet to develop and launch a space for cat owners (Scratching Post)?to share more than just cute pictures. By looking at how they interact with each other about the highs and lows of pet ownership we can learn a few things about how consumers interact online:
Photos and text make good stories ? in a world of instagram and camera phones, it often seems that images are replacing text in many interactions online, and whilst cute cat photos are obviously popular we attract long stories just as often. People like sharing and writing stories either about the joys of cat ownership or sharing and asking for advice about more difficult situations.
Cats can type ? not really, and more an observation about how community members will develop their own?behaviours. Perhaps the most surprising development was with these stories, after a few months we noticed that some started to be written ?by the cat? ? first person narratives written from their point-of-view. And this wasn?t just an isolated example with lots of the content being penned from the cat?s point of view. What is going on is actually quite clever ? members of the community (organically) started to write the stories of joy from the cat?s point of view and the more serious questions and enquiries (for example about health issues) from the owner?s point of view. An unplanned for development that has then been used to inform the UI and changes we?ve made to the community.
Expert advice is critical ? a real success of Scratching Post is that community members can balance questions and advice from fellow cat owners with an expert view. The weekly ?surgeries? (with vets, behviouralists and others) are the most popular times of week on the site with people coming together for a two hour period to ask questions of and interact with these experts.
We can provide an outlet for people?s passions ? one community member put this quite nicely saying that Scratching Post allowed her to ?bring out the crazy cat woman inside?. And she?s right. We use the different communities and networks we are part of for different reasons ? you might not flood your Facebook friends with your cat photos, questions and experiences so a safe environment with other cat owners is perfect for this side of your character.
Overall, the Scratching Post site is a microcosm of the kind of interactions that happen across the internet and more so in true and valuable communities. Perhaps most important is that it provides a space for people to come together and share a common passion. And it is helping to stem the cute cat pictures that might otherwise be flooding their friend?s Facebook?news feeds.
I?ll be talking more about cute cats and social media (and how to balance the needs of a community with commercial needs) at Social Media Marketing London on 25th October.
For social media agency support get in touch or follow us on Twitter.
It only takes 20 minutes of secondhand smoke exposure before breathing is impaired, a new study shows.
Researchers from the University of Athens, the Hellenic Cancer Society and the Harvard School of Public Health had 15 healthy study participants go inside a chamber meant to simulate a bar or car filled with secondhand smoke particulates for 20 minutes to see how their breathing was impaired.
In just that short amount of time, air flow through the participants' airways was impeded.
"The observed short-term effects of secondhand smoke tell us that even a short exposure is indeed harmful for normal airways," study researcher Dr. Panagiotis Behrakis, M.D., FCCP, of the University of Athens, said in a statement.
The new findings were presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Chest Physicians; because the study has yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal, findings should be regarded as preliminary.
Similarly, a study published in 2007 in the American Journal of Public Health showed that cancer-causing NNK -- a compound that comes from the smoke of cigarettes -- builds up by 6 percent every hour in bar- and restaurant-workers who are exposed to secondhand smoke during their night shifts, TIME reported.
"We were somewhat surprised by the immediacy of the effect and the fact that we could measure the average hourly increase," study researcher Michael Stark, principal investigator at the Mulmomah County Health Department in Oregon, told TIME.
Earlier this year, a study in the American Journal of Public Health showed just how many lives secondhand smoke claims in the U.S. each year: 42,000, Livescience reported.
Trying to kick the habit? Click through the slideshow for some natural options that could help:
Mindfulness
Mindfulness training helped participants in a <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21723049" target="_hplink">2011 <em>Drug and Alcohol Dependence</em> study</a> to stay off cigarettes.
That study included 88 people who smoked 20 cigarettes daily, on average, who were split up into two groups: One received four weeks of mindfulness training, while the other group went through four weeks of an <a href="http://www.ffsonline.org/" target="_hplink">American Lung Association stop-smoking program</a>.
The researchers found that more of those who went through the mindfulness training smoked fewer cigarettes -- and stayed off them -- than those who went through the other stop-smoking program.
The mindfulness training included <a href="http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/minding-the-body/201204/can-mindfulness-help-you-quit-smoking" target="_hplink">realizing when you're facing a craving</a>, accepting it, thinking about what's happening and then taking note of the sensation (whether it's tightness or pressure), <em>Psychology Today</em> reported.
Weight Lifting
Jogging and bicycling aren't the only exercises that could help you kick the smoking habit -- <em>Shape</em> magazine reported that <a href="http://www.shape.com/latest-news-trends/study-says-weight-lifting-can-help-smokers-quit-and-lose-weight" target="_hplink">weightlifting could help</a>, too.
The research, published in the journal <em>Nicotine & Tobacco Research</em>, showed that doing two hour-long weightlifting sessions for 12 weeks <em>plus</em> undergoing treatment to quit smoking was linked with greater success in quitting smoking, compared with just undergoing the stop-smoking treatment.
Eat Produce
<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/10/fruits-vegetables-quit-smoking-smokers-tobacco_n_1581465.html" target="_hplink">Eating lots of fruits and veggies</a> could help smokers maintain a tobacco-free lifestyle, according to research from the University of Buffalo.
The study, published in the journal <em>Nicotine and Tobacco Research</em>, included 1,000 smokers ages 25 and older. The researchers had the participants answer surveys about their smoking habits and their fruit and vegetable intake. Then, they followed up with them 14 months later and asked them if they used tobacco over the past month.
The researchers found that there was a relationship between the <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/10/fruits-vegetables-quit-smoking-smokers-tobacco_n_1581465.html" target="_hplink">amount of fruits and vegetables</a> the study participants ate, and the likelihood that they quit -- and stayed off -- tobacco. In fact, people who ate the most produce in the study were three times more likely to report that they'd been tobacco free in the previous month.
The researchers also found a link between increased produce consumption and taking longer in the day to have the first cigarette, smoking fewer cigarettes, and decreased dependence on nicotine (based on test results).
Acupuncture And Hypnosis
A review of studies suggests there is evidence that <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/07/acupuncture-quit-smoking-hypnosis_n_1497348.html" target="_hplink">acupuncture and hypnosis</a> can work to help quit smoking, Reuters reported.
Researchers, who published their findings in the <em>American Journal of Medicine</em>, said that other options -- like medications and counseling -- should be tried first, but that <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/11/hypnosis-quit-smoking_n_1248444.html" target="_hplink">hypnosis</a> and acupuncture could help if those options don't work, or if people don't want to go on medications, according to Reuters.
Text Messages
Who knew your phone could be used to help you quit smoking?
A recent study published in the <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60701-0/abstract" target="_hplink">journal <em>The Lancet</em></a> showed that smokers who enrolled in a <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/05/smoking-text-message_n_888188.html" target="_hplink">program called "txt2stop"</a> -- where they received encouraging text messages to quit smoking -- were twice as likely to kick the habit after six months, compared with smokers who didn't get any encouraging messages.
In the study, conducted by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, one group was able to text words like "lapse" and "crave" to a phone number, and <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-27083_3-20075843-247/want-to-quit-smoking-try-text-message-support/" target="_hplink">received an encouraging text</a> message in return, CNET reported. The other group of people, however, only got one text message every two weeks, and that message just thanked them for being part of the study.
Quitting Smoking And Health
Eletta Hansen explains some facts about smoking, and discusses if your body gets healthier after you quit smoking
Breast cancer cells enticed to spread by 'tumorous environment' as well as genetic changesPublic release date: 22-Oct-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Catherine Kolf ckolf@jhmi.edu 443-287-2251 Johns Hopkins Medicine
A new study from Johns Hopkins researchers suggests that the lethal spread of breast cancer is as dependent on a tumor's protein-rich environment as on genetic changes inside tumor cells.
In a report in the Sept. 25 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the scientists conclude that a molecular signal in the protein meshwork surrounding the breast cancer cells may provide the critical trigger to initiate the life-threatening process of metastasis to distant sites in the body.
Moreover, their experiments suggest that the environment surrounding a tumor can even coax healthy breast cells to invade surrounding tissue just as cancer cells do, and that a healthy environment can cause cancer cells to stay put and not spread as they usually do.
"The most dangerous aspect of breast cancer is its ability to spread to distant sites, and most tumors are initially unable to do that," says Andrew Ewald, Ph.D., assistant professor of cell biology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and member of the Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences' Center for Cell Dynamics. Learning more specifically what triggers metastases may provide additional targets for preventing and treating the malignant process that causes cancer deaths, Ewald adds.
It's widely accepted that cancers acquire the ability to spread through the gradual accumulation of genetic changes, and experiments have also shown that these changes occur in parallel with changes in the protein content and 3-dimensional patterning of the protein meshwork that creates their immediate surroundings. What has been unclear is whether those immediate surroundings play a role in initiating and encouraging cancer's spread, or whether they are more "effect" then "cause."
To sort out the contributions of both the genetic changes and the environment, Ewald's team separated tumor cells from their surroundings by taking fragments of human breast tumors and embedding them in two different commercially available 3-D gels, one that mimics the protein meshwork surrounding healthy mammary tissue and another that mimics tumorous mammary tissue.
The gels are tools often used to study tumor invasiveness. The first was made of proteins that normally create a thin layer around healthy breast tissue, acting as a molecular boundary for it. The second was made entirely of a protein, collagen I, which is found in unusually high concentrations around breast tumors.
If cancer cells are driven to disperse solely because of the genetic changes they carry, the researchers expected to see the tumor fragments behave similarly in both the healthy and tumorous environments. What they saw instead, says Ewald, was a distinct difference. As expected, 88 percent of tumor fragments sent cells crawling into the tumorous meshwork environment, the first step in metastasis known as dissemination. (See video: http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/42161) But only 15 percent of tumor fragments sent cells crawling into the normal environment. (See video: http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/42160) According to Ewald, these results indicate that the environment around a tumor plays a more direct role in cancer spread than previously thought.
If indeed cells can be enticed outward by the protein environment, the researchers reasoned, that environment might even be powerful enough to coax cells away from healthy breast tissue. To test this idea, they took fragments of both healthy and cancerous mouse mammary glands and placed them in the collagen I gels mimicking a tumor's environment. Results show that in the tumorous environment, nearly as many of the healthy fragments sent cells dispersing as did the tumorous fragments. (See videos: http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/42151 and http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/42152)
One notable difference shown in their time-lapse videos was that healthy cells only exited the normal tissue fragments for a short period of time, while cancer cells continued to exit the tumor fragments throughout the whole test period.
To learn why healthy cells stopped exiting normal tissue fragments sooner, the researchers analyzed the proteins on the cells that were in direct contact with the meshwork gels. In breast tissue, a thin protein layer normally forms a boundary between cells and their environment. When both healthy and tumorous tissue fragments were surgically removed prior to the experiments, this boundary was disrupted, allowing breast cells to directly contact the protein meshwork beyond the boundary. In healthy mammary gland fragments, the team found that the "self-corrective behavior" coincided with the re-creation of this protein boundary.
"This tells us that tumors continue to listen to their environments," Ewald says. "Our data suggest that tumors with genetic changes that favor cancer spread may not disperse until they are within a permissive environment." A dispersal-permissive environment is enough to provoke invasive behavior in all mammary tissue, healthy and cancerous, Ewald explains, and the difference between the two can be a single genetic change that allows the dispersal to continue unchecked.
###
Other authors of the report include Kim-Vy Nguyen-Ngoc, Kevin Cheung, Eliah Shamir and Ryan Gray from The Johns Hopkins University; Audrey Brenot and Zena Werb from the University of California, San Francisco; and William Hines and Paul Yaswen from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
The research was supported by the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins and by grants from the National Cancer Institute (R01CA056721, R01CA138818, U01CA155758, U54CA151838, P50CA88843), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U01ES019458) and the Safeway Foundation Award for Breast Cancer Research.
On the Web:
Link to article in PNAS: http://www.pnas.org/content/109/39/E2595.full
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Breast cancer cells enticed to spread by 'tumorous environment' as well as genetic changesPublic release date: 22-Oct-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Catherine Kolf ckolf@jhmi.edu 443-287-2251 Johns Hopkins Medicine
A new study from Johns Hopkins researchers suggests that the lethal spread of breast cancer is as dependent on a tumor's protein-rich environment as on genetic changes inside tumor cells.
In a report in the Sept. 25 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the scientists conclude that a molecular signal in the protein meshwork surrounding the breast cancer cells may provide the critical trigger to initiate the life-threatening process of metastasis to distant sites in the body.
Moreover, their experiments suggest that the environment surrounding a tumor can even coax healthy breast cells to invade surrounding tissue just as cancer cells do, and that a healthy environment can cause cancer cells to stay put and not spread as they usually do.
"The most dangerous aspect of breast cancer is its ability to spread to distant sites, and most tumors are initially unable to do that," says Andrew Ewald, Ph.D., assistant professor of cell biology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and member of the Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences' Center for Cell Dynamics. Learning more specifically what triggers metastases may provide additional targets for preventing and treating the malignant process that causes cancer deaths, Ewald adds.
It's widely accepted that cancers acquire the ability to spread through the gradual accumulation of genetic changes, and experiments have also shown that these changes occur in parallel with changes in the protein content and 3-dimensional patterning of the protein meshwork that creates their immediate surroundings. What has been unclear is whether those immediate surroundings play a role in initiating and encouraging cancer's spread, or whether they are more "effect" then "cause."
To sort out the contributions of both the genetic changes and the environment, Ewald's team separated tumor cells from their surroundings by taking fragments of human breast tumors and embedding them in two different commercially available 3-D gels, one that mimics the protein meshwork surrounding healthy mammary tissue and another that mimics tumorous mammary tissue.
The gels are tools often used to study tumor invasiveness. The first was made of proteins that normally create a thin layer around healthy breast tissue, acting as a molecular boundary for it. The second was made entirely of a protein, collagen I, which is found in unusually high concentrations around breast tumors.
If cancer cells are driven to disperse solely because of the genetic changes they carry, the researchers expected to see the tumor fragments behave similarly in both the healthy and tumorous environments. What they saw instead, says Ewald, was a distinct difference. As expected, 88 percent of tumor fragments sent cells crawling into the tumorous meshwork environment, the first step in metastasis known as dissemination. (See video: http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/42161) But only 15 percent of tumor fragments sent cells crawling into the normal environment. (See video: http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/42160) According to Ewald, these results indicate that the environment around a tumor plays a more direct role in cancer spread than previously thought.
If indeed cells can be enticed outward by the protein environment, the researchers reasoned, that environment might even be powerful enough to coax cells away from healthy breast tissue. To test this idea, they took fragments of both healthy and cancerous mouse mammary glands and placed them in the collagen I gels mimicking a tumor's environment. Results show that in the tumorous environment, nearly as many of the healthy fragments sent cells dispersing as did the tumorous fragments. (See videos: http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/42151 and http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/42152)
One notable difference shown in their time-lapse videos was that healthy cells only exited the normal tissue fragments for a short period of time, while cancer cells continued to exit the tumor fragments throughout the whole test period.
To learn why healthy cells stopped exiting normal tissue fragments sooner, the researchers analyzed the proteins on the cells that were in direct contact with the meshwork gels. In breast tissue, a thin protein layer normally forms a boundary between cells and their environment. When both healthy and tumorous tissue fragments were surgically removed prior to the experiments, this boundary was disrupted, allowing breast cells to directly contact the protein meshwork beyond the boundary. In healthy mammary gland fragments, the team found that the "self-corrective behavior" coincided with the re-creation of this protein boundary.
"This tells us that tumors continue to listen to their environments," Ewald says. "Our data suggest that tumors with genetic changes that favor cancer spread may not disperse until they are within a permissive environment." A dispersal-permissive environment is enough to provoke invasive behavior in all mammary tissue, healthy and cancerous, Ewald explains, and the difference between the two can be a single genetic change that allows the dispersal to continue unchecked.
###
Other authors of the report include Kim-Vy Nguyen-Ngoc, Kevin Cheung, Eliah Shamir and Ryan Gray from The Johns Hopkins University; Audrey Brenot and Zena Werb from the University of California, San Francisco; and William Hines and Paul Yaswen from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
The research was supported by the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins and by grants from the National Cancer Institute (R01CA056721, R01CA138818, U01CA155758, U54CA151838, P50CA88843), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U01ES019458) and the Safeway Foundation Award for Breast Cancer Research.
On the Web:
Link to article in PNAS: http://www.pnas.org/content/109/39/E2595.full
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Is your marriage on the fast track to divorce? Find out!
Maintaining a marriage requires intentionality. Just like other relationships, if your marriage doesn't receive the necessary time and attention, it will deteriorate.
More from YourTango: Help! I Sound Just Like My Mother [EXPERT]
Couples tend to enter marriages with great expectations, bringing both their own histories of hurt and unmet needs. The unspoken expectation that your partner will finally love you the way you desire to be loved is often a setup for failure.
Apathy and contempt in a marriage are warning signs that your marriage needs your attention, and the number one predictor of divorce is conflict avoidance. So, if you and your partner avoid conflict and lack the skills of conflict resolution, your marriage may be in jeopardy.
Dr. John Gottman, marriage & family therapist and leading researcher on marriage, has conducted studies over the span of 40 years to determine the predictors of divorce. His studies showed that these six characteristics of communication predict the likelihood of divorce with 91% accuracy.
If the dynamics in your marriage fit these patterns, your chance of divorce is great:
1. Harsh start-ups. Approaching a conversation or conflict with sarcasm, accusations, criticism or derogatory comments is dangerous for a marriage. Initiating a conversation harshly, will likely result in an acrimonious ending without resolution.
2. The four horsemen. Gottman identifies these as contempt, criticism, defensiveness and stonewalling.? His research shows a correlation between these characteristics of communication with your spouse drastically increase likelihood to divorce.
3. Flooding. You and/or your spouse overwhelm each other with negativity that causes an emotional shut-down and detachment from your relationship. When you or your partner suddenly barrages the other with criticism or contempt, leaving the other feeling shell shocked, this results in disengagement and often, over time, leads to contempt.
4. Body language. When one or both partners become overwhelmed and flooded, it results in physiological changes in the body. Increased heart rate, a secretion of adrenaline and an increase in blood pressure occur and these physiological responses preclude the ability to effectively resolve conflict. Flooding triggers a fight or flight response, resulting in disengagement and/or stonewalling by your partner.
5. Failed attempts to repair. If conflict is not resolved or stonewalled by one partner, the likelihood of divorce increases. Conflict resolution is imperative in maintaining a healthy relationship. Stonewalling is the lack of willingness to engage in conversation and resolution around a conflict.
Want to learn more? Check out Divorce Survival Guide!
More from YourTango: 28 Dos & Don'ts Of Divorced Parenting [EXPERT]
For a limited time only, receive our eBook Divorce Survival Guide, a $5 value, yours free when you sign up for YourTango's daily newsletter!
Lane Goodwin, the boy whose battle with cancer was watched by more than 300,000 friends on Facebook, will be laid to rest today near his Kentucky home after he succumbed to the rare version of the disease late last week.
Lane Goodwin?s funeral comes as the boy nears 400,000 fans on the site, many of whom have been praying for the Goodwin family as updates about Lane?s treatment and passing were posted and shared to the site.
After an announcement that Lane had died late last week, Goodwin?s family posted the following update thanking his Facebook fans for their support and updating them that funeral planning for the boy was in progress. The family of Lane Goodwin posted to his page:
?This has been a very difficult day as we picked out our sweet Lane?s resting place & made funeral arrangements. We will be making a post soon with the information about the arrangements. I know our sweet boy is Cancer Free & having a great time in Heaven. Without a doubt he will be cheering on his St. Louis Cardinals tonight as will the rest of our family. We have received several messages that special things will be happening during the game for our sweet Lane so we will all be watching.?
The family of Lane Goodwin has released information about his funeral arrangements for those who wish to stop by and pay respects to the boy that inspired so many in his courageous battle with cancer. The Goodwin family said in a statement:
?Funeral services will be held at 3:30 p.m. CST Monday, October 22, at the Calhoun Baptist Church, 315 Main Street, Calhoun, Kentucky.??Dr. Richard Sams will officiate.??Friends may visit with Lane?s Family from 11:30 a.m. CST until 3:30 p.m. CST.
?In lieu of flowers, the family requests that expressions of sympathy take the form of donations to the Thumbs Up for Lane Goodwin Childhood Cancer Foundation; C/O Independence Bank; P.O. Box 39; Livermore, Kentucky 42352 or through a paypal account using the email?donate@thumbsupforlane.org.??Memorial contribution envelopes will be available at Calhoun Baptist Church and at Musters in Calhoun. ?While the services are open to the public, all video and other recording devices are prohibited inside the church.??The family will not be available for comment.??A family statement will be released following Monday?s service.?
Did you follow Lane Goodwin?s fight against cancer through Facebook?
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Depending on your problem associated with house, employment position and also earnings, you'll be able to be entitled to that loan of up to $1500, and some creditors may give a maximum of $500. You will have chance to discover how much you be entitled to prior to accepting just about any mortgage loan agreement.
There is an essential lawful difference between a present and also a bank loan. A really generous family member or even good friend could give you $5000 regarding vehicle repairs, for instance. When there isn't any hope of repayment, the cash can be viewed a present. The actual giver couldn't file suit for repayment later inside a municipal fit. However when the borrowed funds provider designates the cash just like a bank loan as well as the consumer pays back a dollar, the bucks may very well be a legitimate loan and also the loan company could demand payment whenever. Small claims legal courts spend much of period determining no matter whether the financial transaction including money would have been a present as well as bank loan. For that reason documents is important when designing personal lending options in order to good friends or even family members.
The requirements for getting that loan are pretty straight forward. If you are employed, having a regular monthly income of $800 or even more, and also a bank account, you fulfill the fundamental qualifications. A number of creditors within our network could have extra needs.
Cash financial products are usually unsecured financial loans eliminated upon your next wage. Because they're short-term lending products, they could be small; varying from $100 to $1500 as well as repayment comes to the next pay day. They may be very useful regarding overcoming a quick fiscal unexpected emergency, however shouldn't be regarded as the long-term financial option.
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The majority of home loan programs tend to be addressed through financial institutions or another expert loan companies. They might make use of a various criteria to determine if the potential customer is skilled for a financial loan. Past credit score is virtually always regarded as, together with existing revenue and also assets. The objective of the borrowed funds can be an issue-a set up investment chance might have a lot more appeal when compared with a good misdirected idea for any new restaurant. One particular essential consideration may be the profits to financial debt percentage from the customer. Could the customer manage to pay the loan back with interest? Professional loan companies generally 'sell' cash, consequently debtors must be aware just how much financing really 'costs' when it comes to actual money.
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ScienceDaily (Oct. 30, 2012) Childhood bullying can lead to long term health consequences, including general and mental health issues, behavioral problems, eating disorders, smoking, alcohol use, and homelessness, a study by the Crime Victims? Institute at Sam Houston State University found.
Rosalie J. Berkowitz, 82, was denied home-health coverage by Medicare because her condition caused my multiple sclerosis was not improving.
There are a lot of cute cat pictures in social media, and a lot of cute cat videos. People, it would appear, like looking at cute cats in social media; and their owners like sharing these photos. So what happens when you get a group of cat owners together ? you might expect cat overload as they compete to share the cutest photos of the cutest cats. And you do get this, but more importantly you learn something about how people meet and interact in social media and?what the?value of this can be.![[ Back to EurekAlert! ]](http://www.eurekalert.org/images/back2e.gif){kind=small}
Public release date: 22-Oct-2012
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